| Bone is a highly dynamic and adaptive tissue that undergoes constant remodeling to grow, heal injuries and regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism. In the process of maintaining bone homeostasis, the key roles are played by osteoblasts (OB), which have the function of contributing to bone, and osteoclasts (OC), which have the function of bone degradation, and the dysfunction of both of them will lead to the imbalance of bone homeostasis. The autonomic nervous system, as a core regulatory bridge between the central nervous and skeletal systems, has irreplaceable physiological significance in maintaining bone homeostasis. Therefore, this paper reviews recent reports on OB-OC communication and the autonomic nervous system's involvement in the regulatory role of bone resorption and bone remodeling by summarizing them. In this paper, we show that the autonomic nervous system can activate the adrenergic and acetylcholinergic receptors through the secretion of neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACH), to regulate the genes, such as PER1, PER2, Bmal 1, RUNX2, and OPN, and the signaling pathways, such as cAMP/PKA/CREB and Wnt/β-catenin. affect osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and regulate various physiological activities during bone reconstruction. |