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| 脑卒中患者呼吸肌功能障碍及康复治疗研究进展 |
| Research Progress on Respiratory Muscle Dysfunction and Rehabilitation Therapy in Stroke Patients |
| 投稿时间：2024-10-05 修订日期：2024-10-05 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 脑卒中 呼吸肌功能障碍 康复 声学分析 体外膈肌起搏 呼吸肌训练 |
| 英文关键词: Stroke Respiratory muscle dysfunction Rehabilitation Acoustic analysis External diaphragm pacing Respiratory muscle training |
| 基金项目:山东省中医药科技项目：循经点穴对脑卒中后痉挛状态的临床疗效及机制研究（M-2023142）；山东省医务职工科技创新计划项目：针刺同步康复对脑卒中后肢体功能障碍的临床疗效研究 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 呼吸肌功能障碍是脑卒中的常见并发症，发病率>60%，可损害患者运动功能，增加感染和呼吸系统并发症的发生率，还会提高患者非血管性死亡的风险。本文就脑卒中呼吸肌功能障碍的机制，主要评估方法及康复手段进行综述，以期为临床康复及研究带来一定指导意义。分析表明，脑卒中可因中枢神经系统原发病变，神经肌肉继发损伤及医源性损伤导致呼吸肌功能障碍发生；临床常用的评估手段有超声、咳嗽峰值流速、电生理检查及肺通气功能指标测定等，声学分析可作为未来可视化评估与指导呼吸康复的手段之一；临床常用康复手段有呼吸肌训练、体外膈肌起搏器、神经肌肉电刺激及气道管理等，电动起立床可作为重症患者预防感染及改善呼吸肌功能的手段之一。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Respiratory muscle dysfunction is a common complication of stroke, with a prevalence of >60%, which can impair motor function, increase the incidence of infection and respiratory complications, and increase the risk of non-vascular death.This article reviews the mechanisms of respiratory muscle dysfunction in stroke, the main assessment methods and rehabilitation tools, with a view to bringing some guidance for clinical rehabilitation and research.Analyses have shown that primary lesions of the central nervous system, secondary neuromuscular injuries, and medically-induced injuries can lead to respiratory muscle dysfunction in stroke patients;Commonly used clinical assessment tools include ultrasound, peak cough flow， electrophysiological examination and measurement of pulmonary ventilation function indexes, etc. Acoustic analysis can be used as one of the tools for future visual assessment and guidance of respiratory rehabilitation;Commonly used clinical rehabilitation means include respiratory muscle training, external diaphragm pacing, neuromuscular electrical stimulation and airway management, etc. Electric rising beds can be used as one of the means to prevent infections and improve respiratory muscle function in critically ill patients. |
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