| Abstract Objective To investigate the electrophysiological characteristics and clinical significance of cognitive impairment in patients with vascular dementia. Methods A total of 100 patients with VaD who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of our hospital from 2022-2024 were selected as the observation group, and 99 patients with normal cognitive function who needed brain MRI examination for other reasons were selected as the control group. The general clinical data, head magnetic resonance imaging results, cognitive and psychological function assessment and auditory event-related wave group P1, N1, P2, N2, P3 in FZ, CZ, PZ leads were compared between the two groups. Results The general clinical indicators such as drinking history, hyperlipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of leukoaraiosis, old cerebral infarction, cerebral microbleeds and other cerebrovascular injuries in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Observation group decreased memory, attention and executive force is significantly higher than the control group, the incidence of SAS and SDS score also significantly increased (P < 0.05); The latencies of auditory ERP wave groups P1, N2 and P3 in FZ, CZ and PZ in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the latencies of auditory ERP wave groups N1 and P2 in FZ, CZ and PZ between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the observation group, the amplitude of auditory ERP wave group P3 in FZ, CZ and PZ leads was significantly reduced, and the amplitude of auditory ERP wave group N2 in PZ leads was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the amplitude of auditory ERP wave group P1, N1 and P2 in FZ, CZ and PZ leads between the two groups (P > 0.05). The amplitude of auditory ERP group N2 in FZ and CZ leads tended to decrease, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions There are no obvious neurophysiological changes in auditory ERP wave group N1 and P2 in patients with vascular dementia, but the latency of auditory ERP wave group P1 may be prolonged. The latency of auditory ERP wave group N2 and P3 may be prolonged and the amplitude may be decreased with cognitive decline. |