文章摘要
周兰馨 ，陈请国.运动导致的感音神经性听力损失和神经系统并发症的分析[J].神经损伤功能重建,2023,(11):645-650
运动导致的感音神经性听力损失和神经系统并发症的分析
Analysis of Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Neurological Complications Caused by Sports
  
DOI：
中文关键词: 运动  感音神经性听力损失  神经系统  并发症  预后
英文关键词: sports activities  sensorineural hearing loss  neurological system  complications  prognosis
基金项目:广西大学生创新创 业项目（运动型耳 膜内外压力平衡器 的研究，No. S2023 10602205）
作者单位
周兰馨1 ，陈请国2 1. 广西师范大学体 育与健康学院 2. 华中科技大学同 济医学院附属同济 医院耳鼻咽喉头颈 外科 
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中文摘要:
      目的：统计各种运动项目导致感音神经性听力损失和神经系统并发症的占比及预后。方法：收集因 运动导致听力受损的675例患者病例资料，主要涉及患者年龄、性别、症状、体征、运动项目的类型、听力下 降性质、并发症和疗效，并统计各种运动项目之间存在的差异。结果：所有患者中，20～40岁是主要人群，男 性为主。滑雪、溜冰、足球、篮球、排球、潜水、跳水、跳伞、登山、蹦迪、射击是导致听力下降的常见运动项 目。在冰雪组（滑雪、溜冰）、球类组（足球、篮球、排球）、噪音组（蹦迪、射击）和压力异常组（潜水、跳水、跳 伞、登山）中，感音神经性听力损失分别占80.5%、82.6%、96.8%和41.5%，治愈率分别是13.1%、12.4%、5.6% 和14.1%，有效率分别是23.5%、21.7%、21.1%和21.8%，无效率分别为63.4%、65.8%、73.3%和64.1%。压力 异常组中的感音神经性听力损失基本来自潜水人群。噪音组的感音神经性听力下降发生率高于其他三个 组（P＜0.05），而治愈率低于其他三个组（P＜0.05）。神经系统并发症主要包括颅内损伤、颞骨骨折、面瘫和 颅神经损伤，其在冰雪组和球类组的发生率分别是59.5%和55.9%。后遗症状主要包括耳鸣、耳闷和眩晕， 其在冰雪组、球类组、噪音组和压力异常组的发生率分别为23.7%、22.1%、84.6%和24.6%。结论：冰雪组、球 类组、噪音组和压力异常组中的潜水人群以感音神经性听力损失为主，治愈率低，尤其是噪音组。冰雪组和 球类组常伴随一系列神经系统并发症。后遗症状在四个运动组普遍存在，其中耳鸣在噪音组最突出。
英文摘要:
      To assess the proportion and prognosis of sensorineural hearing loss and neurological complications caused by various sports activities. Methods: The clinical data of 675 patients with hearing impairment caused by sports activities, including age, sex, symptoms, signs, types of sports activities, types of hearing loss, complications, and therapeutic efficacy were collected. The differences between various sports activities were analyzed. Results: Among all patients, the primary population affected was aged 20-40 years, predominantly males. Common sports activities leading to hearing loss included skiing, ice skating, soccer, basketball, volleyball, scuba diving, diving, parachuting, mountaineering, disco dancing, and shooting. In the ice/ snow group (i.e., skiing, ice skating), ball group (i.e., soccer, basketball, volleyball), noise group (i.e., disco dancing, shooting), and abnormal pressure group (i.e., scuba diving, diving, parachuting, mountaineering), sensorineural hearing loss accounted for 80.5%, 82.6%, 96.8%, and 41.5%, respectively. The cure rates were 13.1%, 12.4%, 5.6%, and 14.1%, the effective rates were 23.5%, 21.7%, 21.1%, and 21.8%, and the ineffective rates were 63.4% , 65.8% , 73.3% , and 64.1% , in the ice/snow, ball, noise, and abnormal pressure groups, respectively. Sensorineural hearing loss in the abnormal stress group mainly came from the scuba diving population. The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss was higher (P<0.05), while the cure rate was lower in the noise group than in the other three groups (P<0.05). Neurological complications mainly included intracranial injury, temporal bone fracture, facial paralysis, and cranial nerve injury, with an incidence rate of 59.5% in the ice and snow group and 55.9% in the ball group. Sequelae included tinnitus, ear fullness, and vertigo, with incidence rates of 23.7%, 22.1%, 84.6%, and 24.6% in the ice/snow, ball, noise, and abnormal pressure groups, respectively. Conclusion: Sensorineural hearing loss was predominant in the ice/snow, ball, and noise groups, as well as the scuba diving population in the abnormal pressure group. The cure rate was low, especially in the noise group. The ice/snow and ball groups often presented with a series of neurological complications. Sequelae were common in all four groups, with tinnitus being the most prominent in the noise group.
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