| To investigate the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of autoimmune encephalitis
(AE). Methods: The clinical data, laboratory examination, treatment, and prognosis of 7 patients with AE were
retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of the 7 AE cases, 4 were anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)
encephalitis, and 2 of these were associated with teratomas; 2 cases were anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivating
protein 1 (LGI1) encephalitis; 1 case was anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor (GABABR)
encephalitis. The main clinical manifestations were abnormal mental behavior (5/7), seizure (4/7), decreased
consciousness (4/7), faciobrachial dystonia seizures (1/7), and recent-memory loss (2/7). Brain MRI
examination was abnormal in 2 cases. Cerebrospinal fluid AE-related antibody detection found 2 anti-NMDAR
antibody positive cases, 2 anti-LGI1 antibody positive cases, and 1 anti-GABABR antibody positive case.
Serum AE-related antibody detection revealed 2 anti-NMDAR antibody positive cases and 1 anti-GABABR
antibody positive case. After all patients received treatment, 4 patients recovered, 2 exhibited seizures (1 of
whom also experienced abnormal mental behavior), and 1 relapsed. Conclusion: Patients with acute episodes
of mental behavior abnormalities, seizures, and faciobrachial dystonia seizures should be alert to AE. Hormones,
immunoglobulins, and surgery (in patients with teratoma) are the main clinical treatments. Early diagnosis and
treatment generally produce a good prognosis. |